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Sustainable agriculture is the backbone of food security systems and a driver of human well-being in global economic development (Sustainable Development Goal SDG 3). With the increase in world population and the effects of climate change due to the industrialization of economies, food security systems are under pressure to sustain communities. This situation calls for the implementation of innovative solutions to increase and sustain efficacy from farm to table. Agricultural social networks (ASNs) are central in agriculture value chain (AVC) management and sustainability and consist of a complex network inclusive of interdependent actors such as farmers, distributors, processors, and retailers. Hence, social network structures (SNSs) and practices are a means to contextualize user scenarios in agricultural value chain digitalization and digital solutions development. Therefore, this research aimed to unearth the roles of agricultural social networks in AVC digitalization, enabling an inclusive digital economy. We conducted automated literature content analysis followed by the application of case studies to develop a conceptual framework for the digitalization of the AVC toward an inclusive digital economy. Furthermore, we propose a transdisciplinary framework that guides the digitalization systematization of the AVC, while articulating resilience principles that aim to attain sustainability. The outcomes of this study offer software developers, agricultural stakeholders, and policymakers a platform to gain an understanding of technological infrastructure capabilities toward sustaining communities through digitalized AVCs.
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In this paper, we investigate the problems of the behavior of social media within the framework of reliable and unreliable information that they offer, as well as the issue of the security of certain distributed and mobile online systems in the era of the COVID 19 virus pandemic. In the wake of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many turned to social media for information and guidance. There are both positive and negative aspects to this behavior. These range from the spread of misinformation to the indispensable role social media has played in the dissemination of accurate information and mental health education. This article looks at both the challenges and benefits, considering who is potentially more likely to use social media and thus be impacted by the information imparted on the digital platforms that are now an integral part of our daily lives.
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Information disorders on social media can have a significant impact on citizens' participation in democratic processes. To better understand the spread of false and inaccurate information online, this research analyzed data from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The data were collected and verified by professional fact-checkers in Chile between October 2019 and October 2021, a period marked by political and health crises. The study found that false information spreads faster and reaches more users than true information on Twitter and Facebook. Instagram, on the other hand, seemed to be less affected by this phenomenon. False information was also more likely to be shared by users with lower reading comprehension skills. True information, on the other hand, tended to be less verbose and generate less interest among audiences. This research provides valuable insights into the characteristics of misinformation and how it spreads online. By recognizing the patterns of how false information diffuses and how users interact with it, we can identify the circumstances in which false and inaccurate messages are prone to becoming widespread. This knowledge can help us to develop strategies to counter the spread of misinformation and protect the integrity of democratic processes.
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Background: Social media is a ubiquitous phenomenon that serves as a tool for communication, collaboration, and creativity. In the long term, it has an indispensable place in the field of education. The research paper discusses the use of certain social networking sites where learning management systems are extensively and consistently used in the teaching and learning process at universities. The rapid transition to online platforms had a tremendous impact on the educational process, exposing and promoting the effectiveness of heutagogy. The circumstances made it necessary to emphasize the value of self-directed learning and the capacity to identify educational requirements and strategies for reaching study objectives. This kind of research corresponds to the increased need to develop desired self-study skills in students. Objectives: The goal of the paper is to demonstrate how undergraduate students perceive the trends in acceptance and the degree of appropriateness of social media for academic purposes. Methods: Research on social media use in education was inspired by a review of the literature. The purpose of the questionnaire is to track awareness, use, general satisfaction, communication, testing, and revision. The set of social media examined in the survey (years 2021 and 2022) was modified to reflect the social media landscape at the time. This study compares the findings of four different studies. The outcomes are displayed in graphs. Results: Two areas are analyzed: social media as a means of communication in the process of education and social media as a tool enabling students' revision and testing of study materials. The first two studies, which were conducted in 2014 and 2019, are based on the same set of examined social media and fit the comparison, enabling to define the trend in students' perceived satisfaction with social media for study purposes. The third and fourth studies discussed in this paper were run during the winter semesters of 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: The most significant differences between 2021 and 2022 can be seen in Instagram, Twitch, and other platforms, where a substantial drop in satisfaction in the communication field can be seen. The biggest difference in revision and testing is found in Facebook, Twitch, and Teams, which are abandoning online teaching and learning after the COVID-19 event. Social media use for studying has significantly decreased, with noteworthy decreases in Wiki, Facebook, and video calls.
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Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs, are a type of educational innovation where enrollment in the courses given is free and available online. The MOOCs course selection is extensive and may accommodate hundreds or thousands of students at once. The current study, however, aims to look into how the academic self-efficacy of real MOOC users affects learning engagement and perseverance in higher education in Saudi Arabia. This study added the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to social cognitive theory. Therefore, the primary goal is to create a new model by examining the variables that affect the perceived utility and perceived service quality, as well as the students' general perceptions of MOOCs that are really used. Therefore, this research used a quantitative approach and distributed the questionnaire online through a Google Form. It collected data from 276 King Saud University students and used it to test the hypothesized correlations using structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). The study's findings showed that perceptions of perceived benefits and service quality consistently had a significant influence on social interaction, influence, networks of support, and social identity. A further finding was that reported utility and perceived service quality have always been significantly influenced by academic self-efficacy in actual MOOC use. Because of this, learning engagement and perseverance in Saudi Arabian higher education are significantly impacted by the academic self-efficacy of real MOOC users. According to the findings, MOOC programs generally have a positive influence on the kingdom's higher education system. As a result, it is almost certain that this research model will assist university decision-makers in determining whether or not MOOC usage is prevalent at Saudi educational institutions.
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Introduction: This article reports collective actions developed by participants of two Civil Society Organizations representing people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, located in southern Brazil, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To highlight the strategies and actions that comprised part of the collective occupational reconstruction process of the Civil Society Organizations. Therefore, it describes the results of collective processes, based on reflection on the phenomena observed by the authors. Method: This is a descriptive, qualitative research based on an experience report. The practices occurred remotely during the pandemic period (March to December 2020). Results: It was found that social media platforms contributed to maintain the collective occupations of the group, facilitating the process of collective occupational reconstruction of Civil Society Organizations. Among the used tools, instant messaging and video calling applications stood out, which facilitated the development of collective practices, thus minimizing the impacts of physical distance. Conclusion: Social media platforms are powerful resources to maintain collective action and occupational reconstruction processes. © 2022 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.
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The COVID-19 outbreak is a disastrous event that has elevated many psychological problems such as lack of employment and depression given abrupt social changes. Simultaneously, psychologists and social scientists have drawn considerable attention towards understanding how people express their sentiments and emotions during the pandemic. With the rise in COVID-19 cases with strict lockdowns, people expressed their opinions publicly on social networking platforms. This provides a deeper knowledge of human psychology at the time of disastrous events. By applying user-produced content on social networking platforms such as Twitter, the sentiments and views of people are analyzed to assist in introducing awareness campaigns and health intervention policies. The modern evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) mechanisms has revealed remarkable performance in sentimental analysis (SA). This study develops a new Marine Predator Optimization with Natural Language Processing for Twitter Sentiment Analysis (MPONLP-TSA) for the COVID-19 Pandemic. The presented MPONLP-TSA model is focused on the recognition of sentiments that exist in the Twitter data during the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented MPONLP-TSA technique undergoes data preprocessing to convert the data into a useful format. Furthermore, the BERT model is used to derive word vectors. To detect and classify sentiments, a bidirectional recurrent neural network (BiRNN) model is utilized. Finally, the MPO algorithm is exploited for optimal hyperparameter tuning process, and it assists in enhancing the overall classification performance. The experimental validation of the MPONLP-TSA approach can be tested by utilizing the COVID-19 tweets dataset from the Kaggle repository. A wide comparable study reported a better outcome of the MPONLP-TSA method over current approaches.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate what type of Facebook posts help cruise lines build bridging and bonding social capital. The study applies the Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method to identify which types of posts establish bridging and bonding social capital. The analysis is conducted on an international cruise line's official Facebook posts posted between 1 January 2018 and 1 January 2020 before the Covid-19 pandemic. The results highlight that media type, embedding passenger motivation, and a ship image help establish both bridging and bonding social capital, while content type helps establish bridging social capital. The paper is original because it helps understand how cruise lines can improve bonding and bridging social capital via social media. The paper also enhances understanding of social capital theory in the travel industry by investigating the relationship between Facebook post types and social capital in cruise shipping.
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In the current post-COVID-19 era, online marketing is a supporting tool in marketing. The potential visitors to tourism destinations, such as geoparks, are increasingly guided and oriented by the rules of online marketing as the online space represents the main source of information. Geoparks should take this as a key fact. The research concentrates on the issue of geopark marketing from the view of the available information that geoparks present in the online space. The fundamental is to point out the information that is available on geopark websites. The method used in the research is based on an evaluation matrix that served as a basis for searching for information on websites. Based on the results of the analysis, geoparks in the EGN network present information of a general nature to a sufficient extent on their websites;they lack a better offer of product packages, online sales and orientation to new social networks that are used by the young generation. The clear answer is the professionalization of marketing, which would undoubtedly represent an effective step in the management of geoparks as well as the promotion of the country that the geopark represents.
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The ideology of healthism and low perceptions of the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases may explain the positive link between socioeconomic status (SES) and vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries. The present study aimed to examine the effect of three measures of SES (education, income and family economic status), the perceived threat of infectious diseases and two dimensions of healthism (personal responsibility for own health and distrust in healthcare institutions) on vaccine hesitancy, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional quantitative study was performed in 2019. Non-probability sampling was employed by sending invitations to respondents over the age of 18 to participate in the study. The snowball technique was used, employing e-mails and digital social networks (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram). Data from 661 respondents were collected via 1 ka.si, an online survey tool. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vaccine hesitancy was significantly more likely to be expressed by women (β = 0.09;p < 0.001), high-income respondents (β = 0.09;p < 0.01), those who have lower perceptions of the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases (β = 0.39;p < 0.001) and those scoring high on two healthism measures (expressing high perceived control of their own health (β = 0.18;p < 0.001) and high distrust in the Slovenian healthcare system and institutions (β = 0.37;p < 0.001)). The findings indicate that among the examined predictors, low perceived threat of vaccine-preventable diseases and low trust in the healthcare system are among the strongest predictors of vaccine hesitancy among the Slovenian public. Policymakers, physicians and other healthcare workers should be especially attentive to the public's and patients' perceptions of the risk of infectious diseases and distrust in medical institutions, including during doctor–patient communication and through public health campaigns and policies.
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La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto social, económico y de salud física y emocional en la población, siendo las mujeres uno de los grupos mayormente afectados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las dificultades y estrategias de solución de madres de niños y niñas en edad escolar, participantes de un grupo de autoayuda virtual durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un análisis documental y una serie de preguntas detonadoras en el grupo de autoayuda. El trabajo de campo virtual se realizó durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2020. Durante la pandemia, las principales dificultades de las madres de familia con hijos e hijas pequeños, en edad entre 3 a 12 años, fueron sobrecarga de actividades, estrés y agotamiento, que les provocaron sentimientos de preocupación, incertidumbre, irritabilidad, cansancio y emociones de culpa y miedo. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres, en función de la socialización de género, que ha promovido una distribución desigual de roles y actividades entre ambos sexos, asignando mayor carga de responsabilidades a ellas. Se destaca la importancia de fortalecer el autocuidado, la red de apoyo social y la corresponsabilidad con la pareja para hacer frente a las situaciones adversas.Alternate abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a social, economic, physical, and emotional health negative impact on the population, with women being one of the most affected groups. The objective of this work was to identify the difficulties and solution strategies of mothers of school-aged boys and girls, who were participants in a virtual self-help group during the COVID-19 confinement. Data was collected through documentary analysis and in depth questioning in the self-help group. The virtual field work was carried out during May and June 2020. During the pandemic, the main difficulties experienced by mothers of young children aged 3 to 12 years were: the overload of activities, stress, and exhaustion. This caused them feelings of anxiety, uncertainty, irritability, tiredness, and emotions of guilt and fear. The results made it possible to show the vulnerability of women, based on gender socialization, that has promoted an unequal distribution of roles and activities between both genders, assigning a greater burden of responsibilities to them. The importance of strengthening self-care, a social support network and co-responsibility with partners to face adverse situations is highlighted.
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IntroductionThe use of telework was strongly recommended by the World Health Organisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may have, in addition to advantages, psycho-social repercussions on workers. The aim of this study was to describe the psychosocial impact of telework during the era of quarantine related to the first pandemic wave of COVID-19.Materials and MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study including Tunisian workers who teleremoted during the first health lockdown of 2020. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire specifying the occupational and psychosocial characteristics of telework.ResultsA total of 612 teleworkers were included. The mean age was 33±6.9 years. Sex ratio (M/F) was 0.32. Teleworking had been practiced before the health confinement by 55.6% of the cases and 86.3% had never received teleworking training. Psychosocial repercussions were noticed among 92.2%. An increase in working time was reported by 47.1%, significantly more reported by those in managerial positions (44.7%). During breaks, 48% were spending time watching TV or on social networks, which is an activity significantly correlated with sadness, chronic anxiety and sleep disorders. For benefits perceived, 85% appreciated the absence of constraints related to workplace path and 61.8% the autonomy. Telework was suitable for work according to 90.8%. Desire to continue teleworkins was expressed in 89.9%.ConclusionsThe teleworking was appreciated but it had psychosocial negative repercussions. A new working mode is spreading and showing possibility to work in a different manner with similar or better results. The occupational physician will manage emergent health risk factors.
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Technology and innovation have promoted industry convergence and brought new opportunities for industrial development, and a degree of convergence exists in the emergency logistics industry. The purpose of this study is to explore the convergence of the emergency logistics industry and the change in convergence degree among related industries, so as to find a solution to the lack of robustness of the emergency logistics system. This study measures the technical relationship between industries and analyzes the overall trend of emergency logistics industry convergence using the consistency between patent co-classification analysis and patent categories and technical fields. The dominance index and relative strength index are used to assess the strength of industry nodes and the convergence of the emergency logistics industry. Social network analysis is used to investigate the industries and technical fields that are important in the convergence industry. The findings indicate that there is significant convergence between the technical fields of the emergency logistics industry. Twelve industries are actively involved in the emergency logistics industry convergence, and nine industry pairs have strong convergence relationships between them. The information industry is critical to the convergence of the emergency logistics industry. Industry convergence is assisting in the coordinated growth of the emergency logistics sector, lowering informational barriers between sectors, and boosting the system's resilience. This study contributes theoretical significance to the development of the emergency logistics industry and enriches the emergency logistics industry's research system.
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Social media platforms have become a substratum for people to enunciate their opinions and ideas across the globe. Due to anonymity preservation and freedom of expression, it is possible to humiliate individuals and groups, disregarding social etiquette online, inevitably proliferating and diversifying the incidents of cyberbullying and cyber hate speech. This intimidating problem has recently sought the attention of researchers and scholars worldwide. Still, the current practices to sift the online content and offset the hatred spread do not go far enough. One factor contributing to this is the recent prevalence of regional languages in social media, the dearth of language resources, and flexible detection approaches, specifically for low-resource languages. In this context, most existing studies are oriented towards traditional resource-rich languages and highlight a huge gap in recently embraced resource-poor languages. One such language currently adopted worldwide and more typically by South Asian users for textual communication on social networks is Roman Urdu. It is derived from Urdu and written using a Left-to-Right pattern and Roman scripting. This language elicits numerous computational challenges while performing natural language preprocessing tasks due to its inflections, derivations, lexical variations, and morphological richness. To alleviate this problem, this research proposes a cyberbullying detection approach for analyzing textual data in the Roman Urdu language based on advanced preprocessing methods, voting-based ensemble techniques, and machine learning algorithms. The study has extracted a vast number of features, including statistical features, word N-Grams, combined n-grams, and BOW model with TFIDF weighting in different experimental settings using GridSearchCV and cross-validation techniques. The detection approach has been designed to tackle users' textual input by considering user-specific writing styles on social media in a colloquial and non-standard form. The experimental results show that SVM with embedded hybrid N-gram features produced the highest average accuracy of around 83%. Among the ensemble voting-based techniques, XGboost achieved the optimal accuracy of 79%. Both implicit and explicit Roman Urdu instances were evaluated, and the categorization of severity based on prediction probabilities was performed. Time complexity is also analyzed in terms of execution time, indicating that LR, using different parameters and feature combinations, is the fastest algorithm. The results are promising with respect to standard assessment metrics and indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach in cyberbullying detection for the Roman Urdu language.
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The main objective of this study is to analyze scientific production from 2010 to 2021 using bibliometric analysis based on articles on social networks, stakeholders, and sea tourism published in scientific journals. In the first phase, the search criteria were chosen. In the second phase, the search was done on WoS and Scopus databases. In the third phase, papers unrelated to our study's subject were excluded. The resulting data from the selection and exclusion criteria were compiled in the fourth phase. In the fifth phase, the data was coded using the NVIVO software, and finally, in the sixth phase, the results were analyzed. The study's results suggest that the research related to social networks, stakeholders, and governance in tourism, particularly in sea tourism, remains an underdeveloped field. Notwithstanding, results suggest that social networks and stakeholder cooperation contribute to local sea tourism development. Considering that STEs are closely linked to local communities, this study's findings can provide clues on future research on tourism development, public policies to support STEs, cooperation for co-creation, and information and tourism resource sharing.
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This paper draws from a dataset focusing on two rural communities in Colorado (USA). Data collection occurred over two periods: late‐2019 and again during COVID‐19 lockdowns in mid‐2020. The communities differed demographically: one had a growing minoritized population, especially among its youth;the other was overwhelmingly white. The paper troubles the concept of subjective wellbeing (SWB) as it asks about the productive potentials of discomfort, with assistance from such concepts as colorblind ideology, motivated reasoning, and network homophily. While important to think about so‐called positive emotional states in the context of community development, we must also ask questions like, "SWB for who and at whose expense?” How respondents thought about individual‐ and community‐level SWB had much to do with the social networks they were in. I also explore why the community that fared pandemic‐related disruptions, from a SWB standpoint, better than the other performed worse during this same period from an economic (material) standpoint. Sociological factors explain these dynamics, which are leveraged to enhance our understanding of how to conceptualize community development in productive ways. In sum, I argue that certain expressions of discomfort have value and are therefore necessary for creating resilient, flourishing, and, ultimately, just communities.
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Today, the process of digitisation of everyday life pervades all aspects and areas in which human beings move and realise their interests. The political sphere is no exception and is also influenced by technological innovation. Over the last decade, the development of Web 2.0 has meant that cyberspace, albeit through electronic means, has taken on the characteristics of a physical place in the guise of social platforms. Currently, the continued proliferation of social networks is reviving numerous debates and latent issues that are still unresolved. Against this backdrop, research has been undertaken to understand the different aspects and the many meanings of this new dimension across different fields of research. In fact, the work will initially focus on the role they possess in society and the possible negative declinations resulting from disinformation and will then come to a legal overview in terms of European regulations, with reference to the protection of privacy and personal data following the enactment of EU Regulation 679/2016. The objective of this study is to provide a sociological and legal framework for the ethics of artificial intelligence and legal regulation in Europe. This study aims to promote a scientific and political discussion to improve understanding of the pervasiveness of social networks and related legal implications. Additionally, this study seeks to offer a perspective that leads to ethical and sustainable solutions.
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Based on the daily stock closing price data of 14 A-share listed banks in China from January 2009 to June 2021, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the contagion effect of risks in the banking industry before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Based on the transfer entropy method, this paper calculates the correlation network matrix of inter-bank risk contagion effect and empirically studies the contagion effect of risks in the banking industry before and after the outbreak by using social network analysis method, depicting the network structure of systemic risk contagion in Chinese banking industry. This study found that the risk of inter-bank system increased significantly after the outbreak and the key nodes of bank risk contagion have also changed before and after the outbreak;state-owned banks are less risky, joint-stock banks and local financial institutions are riskier, and the contagion effect of risks between banks is asymmetric.
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The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) can be seen as integrating the social networking concept into the Internet of Things (IoT). Such networks enable different devices to form social relationships among themselves depending on pre-programmed rules and the preferences of their owners. When SIoT devices encounter one another on the spur of the moment, they seek out each other's assistance. The connectivity of such smart objects reveals new horizons for innovative applications empowering objects with cognizance. This enables smart objects to socialize with each other based on mutual interests and social aspects. Trust building in social networks has provided a new perspective for providing services to providers based on relationships like human ones. However, the connected IoT nodes in the community may show a lack of interest in forwarding packets in the network communication to save their resources, such as battery, energy, bandwidth, and memory. This act of selfishness can highly degrade the performance of the network. To enhance the cooperation among nodes in the network a novel technique is needed to improve the performance of the network. In this article, we address the issue of the selfishness of the nodes through the formation of a credible community based on honesty. A social process is used to form communities and select heads in these communities. The selected community heads having social attributes prove effective in determining the social behavior of the nodes as honest or selfish. Unlike other schemes, the dishonest nodes are isolated in a separate domain, and they are given several chances to rejoin the community after increasing their honesty levels. The proposed social technique was simulated using MATLAB and compared with existing schemes to show its effectiveness. Our proposed technique outperforms the existing techniques in terms of throughput, overhead, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and packet-delivery latency.
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RESUMO Introdução Este artigo relata ações coletivas desenvolvidas por participantes de duas Organizações Sociais Civis representantes de pessoas com diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla, localizadas na região Sul do Brasil, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Evidenciar as estratégias e ações que constituíram parte do processo de reconstrução ocupacional coletiva das Organizações Sociais Civis. Portanto, descreve os resultados de processos coletivos a partir da reflexão sobre os fenômenos observados pelas autoras. Método Trata-se de um trabalho descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, com a abordagem qualitativa. As práticas ocorreram de forma remota durante o período da pandemia (entre março e dezembro de 2020). Resultados Verificou-se que os dispositivos de mídias sociais contribuíram para a manutenção das ocupações coletivas do grupo, facilitando o processo de reconstrução ocupacional coletiva das Organizações Sociais Civis. Entre os dispositivos utilizados, destaca-se os aplicativos de mensagens e de videochamadas, que facilitaram o desenvolvimento das práticas coletivas, minimizando os impactos negativos do distanciamento físico. Conclusão Os dispositivos de mídias sociais apresentam-se como recursos potentes para a manutenção do fazer coletivo e nos processos de reconstrução ocupacional.
ABSTRACT Introduction This article reports collective actions developed by participants of two Civil Society Organizations representing people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, located in southern Brazil, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To highlight the strategies and actions that comprised part of the collective occupational reconstruction process of the Civil Society Organizations. Therefore, it describes the results of collective processes, based on reflection on the phenomena observed by the authors. Method This is a descriptive, qualitative research based on an experience report. The practices occurred remotely during the pandemic period (March to December 2020). Results It was found that social media platforms contributed to maintain the collective occupations of the group, facilitating the process of collective occupational reconstruction of Civil Society Organizations. Among the used tools, instant messaging and video calling applications stood out, which facilitated the development of collective practices, thus minimizing the impacts of physical distance. Conclusion Social media platforms are powerful resources to maintain collective action and occupational reconstruction processes.